Which term describes a learner's capacity to acquire a skill?

The term that describes a learner's capacity to acquire a skill is "competency." Competency refers to the ability and understanding required to perform a skill proficiently. It encompasses not only the knowledge needed but also practical applications and the ability to execute that skill in the appropriate context. In the realm of cosmetology, competency includes mastering various techniques and the ability to adapt to different situations that arise during practices, such as styling hair or applying makeup.

The other options describe different concepts that relate to the learning process but do not directly define the capacity to acquire a skill. For example, "fundamental" refers to basic principles or essential concepts, "development" indicates the process of growth or advancement over time, and "assessment" relates to the evaluation of skills or knowledge rather than the ability to acquire them. Thus, competency is the most fitting term to describe a learner’s ability to gain and apply new skills effectively.